Fighting crime with science seminar - Preparation

DNA - Genetic material contained in every cell and unique to the individual
DNA profiling - Identifying people by visual representations of unique regions of their DNA
Frye standard of admissibility - Scientific evidence may only be considered in court if the type of evidence is generally accepted by the scientific community.
Gel electrophoresis - Technique used to separate pieces of DNA by size
Multiplication rule - Method used to obtain likelihood of more than one event occurring simultaneously
Restriction enzyme - Protein that cuts DNA at specific base sequences


-This is an exercise on crime vocabulary with answers but, please do the exercise first before checking the answers.

Crime vocabulary exercise


-I read this article and found very interesting about the CCTV systems at present and some future plans expected to be implemented in near future to cut the crime rate and help police to do their job as its best.

CCTV System in use and some future plans

Media Vocabulary Exercise

Turn on the TV! There is live coverage of the cricket match between England and Australia.

Those were today's headlines. And now it's Angela McCarthy with her weather forecast.

I can't stand that stupid comedy. Can you switch to another transmission, please?

A soap opera is some kind of TV drama in parts based on inter-human relationships.

We're just getting some breaking news, that a tidal wave has destroyed much of the city of Atlanta.

I like the new presenter introducing and reviewing progammes on our local TV.

'The Weakest Link' is a very popular quiz based on general knowledge, broadcast daily on BBC television.

The time of day when most people are watching television is known as prime time

Many TV viewers were shocked when late-night presenter John Smith's face started puffing up horribly while on air.

"Welcome to another live TV debate. Our host is as usual Simon Bainbridge, and his guests today are some of Poland's most prominent politicians".

Homework - 03/07/08

Most iPod owners reported that on average, only 20 of the tracks on their iPods would have been bought from the iTunes shop.
Far more important, they described was free music ripped from CDs someone already owned or acquired from file-sharing sites.
83% of iPod owners defined that they do not buy digital music regularly. The minority, 17%, buy and download music, usually single tracks, at least once per month.
On average, the study declares that only 5% of the music on an iPos will be bought from online music stores. The rest will be from CDs the owner of an MP3 player already has or tracks they have downloaded from file-sharing sites.
“It is not instructive to think of portable media player owners nor iPod owners specifically, as homogenous groups” reflected the report.
It demonstrated “Digital music buyers do no necessarily stop file-sharing upon buying legally.”
The importance of “free” to digital music fans should not be underestimated, suggested the report, and should be a factor for newer digital music firms, such as Spiral Frog, which use an ad-supported model.
“Digital music purchasing has not yet fundamentally changed the way in which digital music customers buy music.” Predicted the report.

Helen'n Homework - 10 New Words

Lump
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: An irregularly shaped mass of indefinite size.
Synonyms: chunk, clod, clump, gob, hunch, nugget, wad
Example: we saw too many lump of rocks while we were on excursion to wales.

Intimidate
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To domineer or drive into compliance by the use of as threats or force, for example.
Synonyms: bludgeon, browbeat, bulldoze, bully, bullyrag, cow, hector, menace, threaten
Example: In Zimbabwe Mr. Tsavangiri the opposition leader of ex-president Mugabe had to find shelter under the roof of the Dutch convention after the intimidation of Mr. Mugabe’s thugs.

Irrefutable
Part of speech: adjective
Definition: that cannot be refuted or disproved
Synonyms: certain, conclusive, inarguable, indubitable, ironclad, positive, undeniable, unimpeachable
Example: What we want to hire you to do is to provide irrefutable evidence that she is either geniune or a fraud.

Summation
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: The act or process of adding.
Synonyms: addition, aggregate, sum, summary
Example: When the Summation were finished the case went to the jury.

Budge
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To make a slight movement.
Synonyms: convince, fur, move, movement, persuade, propel, push, stir
Example: In the begining this is really difficult to Budge to another country just for the sake of studies.

Caitiff
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: a base, despicable person
Synonyms: base, cowardly, dastard, despicable, louse, mean, rat, scoundrel, vile, wicked
Example: Umba is a really sort of Caitiff person.

Shrug
Part of speech: verb (used without object)
Defination: to raise and contract the shoulders.
Synonyms: use of body language, signal, nod, wave, motion
Example: She had an affair with our best friend and got pragnent. she ran away and had a baby girl, He shrugged and disappeared.

Patriarch
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: a person regarded as the father or founder of an order
Synonyms: ancestor, chief, elder, father, founder, head, leader, male, ruler, sire, venerable
Example: Dr. A.Q. Khan is a great Patriarch of Pakistan.

Trunk
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: a large, sturdy box or chest for holding or transporting clothes, personal effects, or other articles.
Synonyms: baggage, body, bole, box, case, chest, container, locker, luggage, proboscis, snoot, snout, stalk, stem, suitcase, tank, thorax, torso
Example: We just don't need a big Trunk to go to the Glastonbury Festival.

Insane
Part of Speech: adjective
Definition: Afflicted with or exhibiting irrationality and mental unsoundness.
Synonyms: brainsick, crazy, daft, demented, disordered, distraught, dotty, lunatic, mad, maniac, maniacal, mentally ill, moonstruck, off, touched, unbalanced, unsound, wrong
Example: One must be Insane to commit a knife crime.

Lexicography

Talk from TED.COM

Erin McKean: Redefining the dictionary

Lexicography - The writing, editing, or compiling of dictionaries.

In this talk the speaker talks about the disappearence of dictionaries and the reasons why they are dissapearing and uses the specific term called Lexicography - the practice of compiling dictionaries. The speaker says the dictionaries are made of little discretes bits of words continues we just need to be perks to compile the dictionaries. why people dont read the dictionaries because they have a very snugly, fussy image of the dictionaries in their mind.

We can not keep all of the good words into the dictionary and keep the bad words out, we need to put some fun into the job to keep it going otherwise we would rather not do that because deciding what word is easy and what words are bad is not very fun. Why do people want me to direct traffic while I would much rather go fishing, I blame the queen but why do I blame the queen because its funny secondly because dictionaries have really not changed the idea of itself since her regime. The speaker says about the computers that computers don't add anything to it except for the speeding up the process its just like victorian design bicycle has an engine on it. Online dictionaries are just like people throwing up on the screen, online dictionaries replicate almost all the problems of print except for searchability and when you improve the searchability it actually takes away one advantage which is serendipity.

Serendipity is when you find the thing u weren't looking for because finding the thing you are looking for is so damn difficult.

After that it concludes that often we do not do the things on our on behalf we just do it because we have been looking the other people doing for quite a long time or may be the childhood. Why do we blame the ham for being too big for the pan, why don't we buy just a bigger pan? the english language is as big as it is and the paper is the enemy of words. I think we should learn all about the words because when we think about the words we can make beautiful expressions from very humble words.

Lexicography is really more about material science we are studying the tolarences out of the words that we use to build the structure of our expression our writing and our speeches because the words are the tools that we use to build the expressions of our thoughts. How can we say that screwdrivers are batter than hammers and the sludge hammers are batter than ball-peen hammers its just a right tool for the job. How do we know that the word is real? Its as simple as in some childerns' book "Love makes things real" if you love the word use it that makes it real being in the dictionary is an artifical-distinction. If you love a word that makes it real.

Even then if we are really confused about any thing we should ask for help because we need help of each other in every single aspect of life. we can find the new words which are not even in the dictionary just by reading different books, newspapers, archives etc. and by finding these words at the end of the day we'll have a long list of un-dictionaried words as the word un-dictionaried itself.

If some one named Mike Oats from UK director of an electroplating company can find the comets without using the telescope why can't we learn the words even its not the rocket science and if we can do that we could stand for the fishing all the time and we won't have to be a traffic cop anymore.

Vocabulary exercise from Speech

Lexicography - the writing, editing, or compiling of dictionaries.
discrete
Synonyms: detached, distinct, diverse, individual, separate
snug - from sungly
Definition: To lie or press close together, usually with another person or thing.
Synonyms: close, comfortable, comfy, compact, cozy, cuddle, cushy, intimate, neat, nestle, safe, seaworthy, secure, sheltered, snuggle, tidy, tight, trim, warm
fussy
Definition: Excessively filled with detail.
Synonyms: chary, choosy, demanding, difficult, fastidious, fidgety, finicky, meticulous, niggling, nit-picking, painstaking, particular, persnickety, picky, quibbling
perk
Synonyms: appanage, benefit, bonus, extra, fringe benefit, gain, gratuity, percolate, perquisite
replicate - To make a copy of.
Synonyms: duplicate, imitate, reproduce, simulate
serendipity - an aptitude for making desirable discoveries by accident.
dominant
Definition: Exercising controlling power or influence.
Synonyms: commanding, controlling, dominating, dominative, governing,
prototype
Synonyms: archetype, forerunner, model, original, predecessor, sample
constraint
Synonyms: bond, captivity, coercion, compulsion, confinement, distress, driving, duress, force, modesty, necessity, obligation, pressure
artificial
Definition: Made by human beings instead of nature.
Synonyms: manmade, manufactured, synthetic
arbitrary
Definition: Based on individual judgment or discretion.
Synonyms: discretionary, judgmental, personal, subjective
distinction
Definition: The act or an instance of distinguishing.
Synonyms: differentiation, discrimination, separation

context
Synonyms: background, climate, framework, matrix, meaning, situation, substance, vocabulary
synecdoche from synecdochically
Defination: A figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole or the whole for a part, the special for the general or the general for the special, as in ten sail for ten ships or a Croesus for a rich man.

Some vocabulary exercise... please leave me some comments. thanks

Word Humorous
Definition intended to excite laughter or amusement
Synonyms comedic, funny, jocose, jocular, witty
Example Yesterday we met our new teacher in the conversation class and we found him very humorous person...

Word Sentimental
Definition affectedly or extravagantly emotional
Synonyms romantic, soft, soppy, gushy
Example sometimes people really get sentimental in love which is really not good for them.

Word Persistent
Definition could not find one
Synonyms consistent, constant, continuous, determined, durable, enduring
Example one should need to be persistent to their studies to achieve some good grades.

Word Tiresome
Definition arousing no interest or curiosity
Synonyms annoying, boring, demanding, dreary, irritating
Example To my knowledge Mr. Simpson was really tiresome sort of T.V programme I have ever seen in my whole life.

Word Methodical
Definition Arranged or proceeding in a set, systematized pattern
Synonyms orderly, regular, systematic
Example Mr. Boris Johnson has to have more methodical approaches to bring us a safe and sound London

Word Eloquent
Definition fluently persuasive and forceful
Synonyms articulate, silver-tongued, smooth-spoken
Example In my pre-sessional English course I found both of my teachers (Steve and Helen) really eloquent type of persons.

Word Convention
Definition A formal assemblage of the members of a group
Synonyms assembly, conference, congress, convocation, meeting
Example in Zimbabwe Mr. Tsavangiri the opposition leader of ex-president Mugabe had to find shelter under the roof of the Dutch convention after the intimidation of Mr. Mugabe’s thugs.